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Pokémon of the same species may have different amount of HP. For example, a player may have one Pikachu with 33 HP and another with 35 HP. Health Points are important, as Pokémon with higher levels of HP and CP will statistically perform better while attacking or defending at Gyms.
As long as a Pokémon has not fainted, its HP can be replenished by using Potions. Potions are items that can be found at Pokéstops and may restore 25% HP to maximum HP depending on the type of Potion used.